• Login
    • Join
  • Subscribe Free
    • Magazine
    • eNewsletter
    Checkout
    • Magazine
    • News
    • Exclusives
    • Labels & Packaging
    • Markets
    • Technology
    • Equipment
    • Supplies
    • Buyers' Guide
    • Events
    • Jobs
    • More
  • Magazine
  • News
  • Exclusives
  • Labels & Packaging
  • Markets
  • Technology
  • Equipment
  • Supplies
  • Buyers' Guide
  • Events
  • Jobs
  • Current / Back Issues
    Features
    Editorial
    Columns
    Digital Edition
    eNewsletter Archive
    Our Team
    Subscribe Now
    Advertise Now
    Top Features
    The 2023 TLMI Label Awards

    Digital Printing Report

    Laser Diecutting

    Labelexpo Europe 2023 Post-Show Report

    Narrow Web Profile: TLF Graphics
    Breaking News
    Converter News
    European Label News
    Industry News
    Industry People
    M&A News
    New Products
    Expert's Opinion
    Live From Shows
    Top News
    Dantex and ACTEGA successfully collaborate

    Prati celebrating 50th anniversary

    All4Labels Group acquires Uniflexo

    Rosas Maschinenbau introduces new RFID label converting line

    Lecta unveils new functional Metalvac papers
    Blog
    Video Bites
    Beauty & Personal Care Labels
    Beer Labels
    Beverage Labels
    Flexible Packaging
    Folding Carton
    Food Labels
    Glue-Applied
    In-Mold
    Industrial Labels
    Medical Labels
    Pharmaceutical Labels
    Pressure Sensitive
    Prime Labels
    Promotional Labels
    Security Labels
    Shrink
    Smart Labels
    Specialty Labels
    Spirits Labels
    Wine Labels

    DOC's 'circumvention' decision drives American jobs offshore

    Rosas Maschinenbau introduces new RFID label converting line

    Amid sanctions and isolation, hard times for Russia’s label industry

    Lecta unveils new functional Metalvac papers

    Avery Dennison announces atma.io updates
    Africa
    Asia
    Australia
    China
    Europe
    India
    Latin America
    Middle East
    North America

    DOC's 'circumvention' decision drives American jobs offshore

    All4Labels Group acquires Uniflexo

    Amid sanctions and isolation, hard times for Russia’s label industry

    Xeikon brings digital expertise to Labelexpo Asia

    Flint Group presents EkoCure Dual Cure at Labelexpo Asia 2023
    Flexography
    Digital Printing
    Prepress
    Finishing
    Sustainability

    Dantex and ACTEGA successfully collaborate

    Prati celebrating 50th anniversary

    Amid sanctions and isolation, hard times for Russia’s label industry

    Attracting new talent – human resources and AI opportunities

    Cartes elevates brands with digital label embellishment
    Digital Printers & Presses
    Flexo Presses
    Label Converting Equipment
    Label Finishing Equipment
    Prepress Equipment

    Rosas Maschinenbau introduces new RFID label converting line

    Xeikon brings digital expertise to Labelexpo Asia

    Mark Andy names Duane Pekar CEO

    India’s Maharshi Labels installs Baldwin’s Guardian OLP

    Arrow Systems adds Ron Brown to sales team
    Dies And Tooling
    Flexo Supplies
    Ink & Coatings
    Prepress Supplies
    Pressrooom Supplies
    Substrates

    Lecta unveils new functional Metalvac papers

    Avery Dennison achieves +Vantage Vinyl verification

    Flint Group presents EkoCure Dual Cure at Labelexpo Asia 2023

    UPM Raflatac targets label waste recycling with new partnership

    APR joins Canada Plastics Pact
    All Companies
    Categories
    Company Profiles
    Label Converters
    Trade Associations
    Add New Company
    International Buyers Guide Companies
    Lemu Group America

    Delta ModTech

    Epson America, Inc.

    Wilson Manufacturing

    Ashe Converting Equipment
    Industry Events
    Webinars
    Live from Show Events
    • Magazine
      • Current & Past Issues
      • Features
      • Editorial
      • Columns
      • Digital Edition
      • eNewsletter Archive
      • Subscribe Now
      • Advertise Now
    • Breaking News
    • Buyers' Guide
      • All Companies
      • Categories
      • Company Profiles
      • Label Converters
      • Trade Associations
      • Add Your Company
    • Labels & Packaging
      • Beauty & Personal Care Labels
      • Beer Labels
      • Beverage Labels
      • Flexible Packaging
      • Folding Carton
      • Food Labels
      • Glue-Applied
      • In-Mold
      • Industrial Labels
      • Medical Labels
      • Pharmaceuticals Labels
      • Pressure Sensitive
      • Prime Labels
      • Promotional Labels
      • Security Labels
      • Shrink
      • Smart Labels
      • Speciality Labels
      • Spirits Labels
      • Wine Tables
    • Markets
      • Africa
      • Asia
      • Australia
      • China
      • Europe
      • India
      • Latin America
      • Middle East
      • North America
    • Equipment
      • Digital Printers & Presses
      • Flexo Presses
      • Label Converting Equipment
      • Label Fishing Equipment
    • Supplies
      • Dies And Tooling
      • Flexo Supplies
      • Ink & Coatings
      • Prepress Supplies
      • Substrates
      • Pressrooom Supplies
    • Online Exclusives
    • Slideshows
    • Experts Opinions
    • Videos
    • Podcasts
    • Infographics
    • Blog
    • Whitepapers
    • Events
      • Industry Events
      • Live from Show Events
      • Webinars
    • Jobs
    • Resources
      • Supplier Gallery
      • Literature Showcase
      • Homepage Showcase
    • About Us
      • About Us
      • Contact Us
      • Advertise With Us
      • Privacy Policy
      • Terms of Use
    Features

    Paper Substrates

    The latest paper offerings have been optimized to handle digital inkjet printing.

    Paper Substrates
    Avery Dennison’s papers pop on the shelf.
    Paper Substrates
    Avery Dennison provides a wide range of FSC-certified paper facestocks.
    Paper Substrates
    Channeled Resources optimizes paper products for multiple applications.
    Greg Hrinya, Associate Editor07.10.19
    With the labels and packaging space innovating rapidly, materials have had to keep pace. Paper substrates are no exception.

    New converting technologies such as digital printing have necessitated advancements in paper. To meet evolving needs, paper substrate suppliers now offer a diverse range of products optimized for digital printing – most recently for inkjet in particular. 

    “Paper seems so mundane and has been used for millennia that we overlook its intrinsic value,” says Jim Sheibley, EVP of sales and marketing at Wausau Coated Products. “It is non-extensible (doesn’t stretch), won’t melt or distort easily, is naturally opaque, warm to the touch, carries texture, and is fully renewable when harvested from FSC, PEFC, or SFI sources.”
    There are other benefits to paper, too. Paper is produced in batches of colors and textures not easily accomplished with films. Plus, the awareness for sustainability and environmental friendliness has driven demand for suitable paper options. Lay-flat and printability are also key attributes of some of the newest papers.

    “Paper is available in a greater range of textures and looks than film,” says Patricia Mulvey, marketing manager at Green Bay Packaging. “In addition, there are more finishing options and a chance to create a unique label than with film – offering better embossing, hot stamping and diecutting.”

    Many popular applications are taking advantage of paper’s attributes. Wet strength paper has seen strong usage in beverage labeling, and cut and stack glue-applied is being selected for larger labeling formats. Converters continue to select paper for various beer, wine and spirits products. Other common applications include logistics, retail, bakery and deli, industrial and medical.

    “Paper substrates are generally more economically priced than film items,” says Joel Ulrich, Roll Product marketing manager at Spinnaker Coating. “Some converters find that paper substrates are easier to diecut and process. Plus, paper is often perceived as being more sustainable than its film counterparts.”

    Sustainability is key with many suppliers, as well. Cindy White, president and CEO of Channeled Resources Group, believes paper offers inherent advantages over filmic materials. “Paper comes from renewable resources and can be recycled or used for making energy,” she says. “It is economical and easy to print without having to use a variety of top-coatings.”

    “We continue to see sustainability driving a lot of trends within the paper product portfolio,” explains Kelli Jo Messer, marketing director, Paper/VI, at Avery Dennison. “The trend is moving to lower basis weight/thinner facestocks for cost and sustainability. This year, we launched our first Think Thin portfolio of papers to allow customers to easily identify these products.

    “In the specialty paper segment, we are seeing the premiumization trend driving people to more tactile and unique paper substrates,” she adds.

    Paper suppliers have also learned to make fibrous materials more elegant and luxurious, adding mixed fibers, including non-wood fiber, new embossing patterns, and heavier substance weights for more feel or texture. “Recent years have sent paper evolving in multiple directions,” explains Sheibley. “For the variable image track-and-trace category, light-weighting, or ‘reduce,’ has been the theme for weight and resource reduction reasons.”

    There is no shortage of competition in the paper market, either, as printers jockey for the best quality at the lowest price. “One thing that is consistent in all businesses is competitive intensity,” explains Ken Liu, CEO of ND Paper. “To be successful, businesses are required to do more with less and drive higher levels of efficiency while still providing high-quality products and consistent service. The evolution of paper-based substrates is reflective of this reality. In our label business, we’ve seen a notable shift to lighter-weight grades. These new products must exhibit the same excellent runnability, throughput and print quality as incumbent substrates. The lower weight, however, provides more value at a given square footage for our customers; we see this trend continuing.”

    Inkjet Interest
    The proliferation of digital printing has kept substrate manufacturers on their toes, as the influx of printing equipment requires the appropriate materials. Of course, new technologies present new challenges that substrate suppliers need to navigate.

    “With the addition of many digital OEMs in the label market, the biggest challenge becomes continuing to develop the right paper products with the right top-coatings that print using each particular technology,” says Spinnaker’s Ulrich. “That might include UV inkjet, water-based inkjet, toner, etc.” 

    Despite the challenges, there is great interest in stocks that can perform well with digital inkjet printing – which is a hot topic in the label industry. “Inkjet, inkjet, inkjet is the current buzz,” exclaims Wasau Coated’s Sheibley. “They want to know, ‘Where can I find a functional economical labelstock for my inkjet machine?’ The good products are expensive, the inexpensive products don’t work well – optimization is still an unmet need. In addition, inkjet printer models and inks change frequently, often without consulting the substrate provider.”

    Sheibley notes that in the label industry, inkjet (encompassing aqueous and UV-cured) is growing briskly, but paper compatible with those processes are uncommon or prohibitively priced.  

    “We are tugging on paper suppliers to make label-specific products for us,” Sheibley adds.

    Today, many substrate suppliers have focused a significant amount of their R&D work on creating suitable substrates for this market. “Digital printing has a large effect on substrate development,” emphasizes Avery Dennison’s Messer. “Avery Dennison has been working directly with OEMs to certify our materials. In turn, we are able to provide a broader range of raw materials that service or leverage the digital value proposition – lower minimum order quantities and increased speed to market. We have optimized top-coats for differing printing methods, and ink developments continue to drive digital applications on standard products.”

    Digital presses have evolved, too. HP Indigo historically required a top-coat, but those specialty papers are dwindling as printers buy Indigo presses with inline priming. That isn’t the case for inkjet. “We’re seeing a need for top-coated papers for UV inkjet,” explains Green Bay Packaging’s Mulvey. “Although UV was designed to print just about any face without any special coating, press owners have discovered that some stocks work better with some treatment – a top-coating or corona treatment. And it hasn’t taken long for the press manufacturers to pick up on that and introduce inline treatment on their digital presses.”

    Wausau Coated Products also leverages its business development team to connect with OEMs in order to certify new digital materials. Once certified, these products are posted in Wausau Coated’s Digital Technology Guide. “Our advice is to buy an established printer and buy only from suppliers who guide you into their offerings based upon what make and model you own,” says Sheibley. “Big, expensive mistakes have been made by packaging firms in-sourcing labels buying incompatible supplies.”

    Spinnaker Coating, meanwhile, has designed its latest product offering, Cascade Premium Matte Inkjet Paper, to accommodate water-based inkjet printing. These products come with a specific top-coating designed to print well with the various dye and pigment ink systems.

    New Paper Product Offerings
    A host of industry suppliers offer a wide range of paper substrates to the market, optimized for different end uses. These products have been enhanced to provide a premium, tactile look and feel that will stand out on the shelf.

    Avery Dennison has a plethora of new FSC-certified paper facestocks, growing its offering to more than 500 products. “The number of FSC products will continue to increase as the company works to meet its aggressive sustainability sourcing goal: to source 100% certified claim paper products by the year 2025, 70% of which must be FSC-certified,” explains Messer. “To date, 84% of all paper facestocks offered by Avery Dennison in North America are certified, and of that, 78% are FSC-certified.”

    The Avery Dennison Luminous Collection features distinct papers with a subtle radiance for not-so-subtle shelf appeal. Including silver, white, black, textured and patterned options, these papers are designed to shimmer and shine.

    In keeping with environmental friendliness, the TrueCut All-Temp Adhesive Technology – AT2550 – was developed to provide good room temperature and excellent cold temperature performance without sacrificing diecutting and stripping properties. The Think Thin portfolio of papers also comes in thinner constructions. Meanwhile, TTC Eco is a top-coated thermal transfer label construction with a 2.1 mil paper facestock, and 1.5 mil liner.

    Green Bay Packaging has released several new papers, including the 56# wet strength silver metalized paper – 56MSW– and a 77# wet strength barrier paper called Polar White (PLRWS). Both materials are ideal for beverages. With Polar White, the barrier keeps the label from becoming translucent when wet in an ice bucket or chest. It is also useful when extra opacity is needed such as for security labels.

    ND Paper provides a full line of papers for the cut and stack, and pressure sensitive label markets, from facestocks to wet strength to release liner base. In addition, the company is investigating product options for digital applications, and some print engines are successfully using its standard Oxford products today.

    Spinnaker Coating has launched three new paper facestocks: 58# PrimeGlos, ScanTherm Industrial, and Cascade Premium Matte Inkjet Paper. 58# PrimeGlos is a high quality semi-gloss white paper that exhibits excellent strength and print characteristics, while ScanTherm Industrial is a direct thermal paper with a chemically resistant top-coating that provides excellent image durability in industrial environments. The higher activation temperature offers more durability than a standard direct thermal product, with additional resistance to light, heat and moisture.

    Cascade Premium Matte Inkjet Paper, which the company recently released, is a premium matte paper designed to be compatible with most desktop, roll-to-roll, and wide-format water-based inkjet printers.

    UPM Raflatac recently released a new range of FSC-certified paper facestocks for the Americas market, which will bring the company closer to achieving its target of sourcing wood fiber from 100% certified sources by the year 2030. The new FSC certified products include paper wine label materials, semi-gloss, thermal transfer, direct thermal, and more.

    “UPM Raflatac is continuously striving to have the most sustainable label materials portfolio in the industry,” says Tyler Matuseveich, sustainability manager, Americas, UPM Raflatac. “In offering a new range of high quality facestocks on FSC-certified papers for the Americas market, we can assure our customers we always know the origin of fiber and can trace it back to the forest it came from.”

    Wausau Coated Products has developed products to meet demand in the digital printing space. According to Sheibley, the company’s natural kraft paper substrate offerings for flexo, Indigo and inkjet “are catching fire.” Wausau Coated Products has also seen success lately with its UV inkjet semi-gloss, especially as the UV inkjet machine installed base grows.

    “The growth of inkjet-ready products brings something new to our offering almost every month as users in-source label production on inkjet printers and have special needs,” says Sheibley.  “Fiber-based specialties that imitate other materials, such as leather or metal, have been added to our On Trend offering.”

    Although paper usage is not rampant in the flexible packaging market, Wausau Coated Products offers elegant paper-faced stand-up-pouch barrier laminates, which are targeted at HP-Indigo operators.

    “I’d be remiss to not stress that the HP-Indigo digital solution continues to command attention,” explains Sheibley. “Our offerings for Indigo label and packaging press users continue expanding, and Indigo-optimized stocks continue to grow in demand even though inline primers are provided with most web machines.

    Paper’s Future and the Amazon Effect
    In the future, a number of factors will affect the advancement of the paper industry. There are positive trends that should promote growth. Functionality, Avery Dennison notes, will increase in the labels space. This could include anything from intelligent or interactive labels to multi-purpose labels.

    “I believe more paper mills will be introducing new products to our industry, as the old, traditional printing industry is slowly shrinking,” says Channeled Resources’ White. “The paper mills will be innovating to capture market share with things like higher gloss levels, lower caliper, and on-machine coatings that allow the paper to do unique things.”

    “We predict that paper will gain back some share in packaging and foodservice uses and remain strong in the release liner category,” says Wausau Coated’s Sheibley. “For prime labels, we predict paper will hold niche uses well while ceding share to film elsewhere.”

    However, there are challenges that the industry will face head on. “With the continuance of acquisitions and mill closures throughout the global market, supply is getting tighter by the day it seems,” states Spinnaker’s Ulrich. “Sustainability is a growing buzzword, and customers are starting to ask for more products to help satisfy their sustainability efforts, too.”

    Sustainability will continue to remain a challenge, and concern across the industry will lead to more environmentally-friendly packaging.

    “I believe the future of paper-based solutions is strong,” adds ND Paper’s Liu. “Given the mounting environmental impact of film-based labels and packaging, paper provides a readily-available, economical, and proven alternative for label needs.”

    According to Sheibley, new technological endeavors will include paper. Track-and-trace uses will remain strong as paper is compatible for recovery and recycling with corrugated. Inkjet printing of VI labels will displace portions of thermal transfer and direct thermal while “the pie grows,” he notes.

    As with most of society, Amazon will play a role in paper’s future, as well. “Paper for track-and-trace label applications is enjoying the ‘Amazon Effect’ and growing well year over year,” adds Sheibley.

    “While some shippers are looking to save money on packaging by inkjet printing the ‘label’ directly on the shipping box, it hasn’t entered the mainstream yet. So, as ecommerce grows, the use of paper labels for shipping and warehousing will grow with it,” explains Green Bay Packaging’s Mulvey. “If we can keep the small, specialty mills in business, we will be able to offer unique papers that will be attractive to brands that want a distinctive look.”
    Related Searches
    • diecutting
    • fiber
    • coatings
    • toner
    Suggested For You
    UPM Raflatac UPM Raflatac
    UPM Raflatac factory first in NC to be powered by 100% renewable energy UPM Raflatac factory first in NC to be powered by 100% renewable energy
    Avery Dennison expands FSC-certified portfolio Avery Dennison expands FSC-certified portfolio
    UPM Raflatac enhances substrates for food labeling UPM Raflatac enhances substrates for food labeling
    Dscoop brings ‘Edge’ to Orlando Dscoop brings ‘Edge’ to Orlando
    Food Labels Food Labels
    Avery Dennison unveils new all-temperature adhesive Avery Dennison unveils new all-temperature adhesive
    AWA presents release liner industry leadership awards AWA presents release liner industry leadership awards
    Avery Dennison opens I.Lab in India Avery Dennison opens I.Lab in India
    Avery Dennison materials support healthcare industry Avery Dennison materials support healthcare industry
    Dscoop Edge helps attendees ‘Turn Ideas Into Reality’ Dscoop Edge helps attendees ‘Turn Ideas Into Reality’
    Avery Dennison drives development of durable labels Avery Dennison drives development of durable labels
    Avery Dennison Avery Dennison's Intelligent Label Converter Academy
    Avery Dennison hosts Intelligent Label Converter Academy Avery Dennison hosts Intelligent Label Converter Academy
    Avery Dennison announces transition in Board leadership Avery Dennison announces transition in Board leadership

    Related Buyers Guide Companies

    • UPM Raflatac

      UPM Raflatac

      ...
      Anna Hunt, Senior Marketing Manager, Americas 07.28.20

    • Substrates | Sustainability
      UPM Raflatac factory first in NC to be powered by 100% renewable energy

      UPM Raflatac factory first in NC to be powered by 100% renewable energy

      The Mills River facility's electrical supply is generated entirely by renewable sources through Charlotte-based Duke Energy's NC Renewable Energy Program.
      06.27.19

    • Avery Dennison expands FSC-certified portfolio

      Avery Dennison expands FSC-certified portfolio

      The portfolio of Forest Stewardship Council-certified materials now totals more than 500 products.
      06.24.19


    • Food Labels | North America | Substrates
      UPM Raflatac enhances substrates for food labeling

      UPM Raflatac enhances substrates for food labeling

      This all-important labeling segment is defined by shelf appeal and regulations.
      Greg Hrinya, Associate Editor 06.20.19

    • Dscoop brings ‘Edge’ to Orlando

      Dscoop brings ‘Edge’ to Orlando

      The annual HP users conference was an opportunity to “Turn Ideas Into Reality.”
      Greg Hrinya, Associate Editor 05.31.19

    Loading, Please Wait..

    Breaking News
    • Dantex and ACTEGA successfully collaborate
    • Prati celebrating 50th anniversary
    • All4Labels Group acquires Uniflexo
    • Rosas Maschinenbau introduces new RFID label converting line
    • Lecta unveils new functional Metalvac papers
    View Breaking News >
    CURRENT ISSUE

    November/December 2023

    • DIVE INTO DIGITAL
    • THE 2023 TLMI LABEL AWARDS
    • Digital Printing Report
    • Laser Diecutting
    • Labelexpo Europe 2023 Post-Show Report
    • Narrow Web Profile: TLF Graphics
    • View More >

    Cookies help us to provide you with an excellent service. By using our website, you declare yourself in agreement with our use of cookies.
    You can obtain detailed information about the use of cookies on our website by clicking on "More information”.

    • About Us
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms And Conditions
    • Contact Us

    follow us

    Subscribe
    Nutraceuticals World

    Latest Breaking News From Nutraceuticals World

    Lion’s Mane Extract Linked to Better Cognitive Performance, Subjective Stress
    NutraShure Introduces SA3X as Exclusive US Supplier
    NPA Lawsuit Claims New York Age Restriction on Supplements is Unconstitutional
    Coatings World

    Latest Breaking News From Coatings World

    Sherwin-Williams Introduces 858 Series Skyscapes Single Stage Topcoat
    PPG to Support Automotive Refinish Education in France
    U.S. Has Tools it Needs to Reach Climate Goals: USGBC
    Medical Product Outsourcing

    Latest Breaking News From Medical Product Outsourcing

    Medtronic Terminates $738M Deal for EOFlow, Citing Agreement Breaches
    Medtronic's Rechargeable Percept RC Deep Brain Stimulation Gets EU Nod
    FDA OKs Bering's BraveCX AI-Based Chest X-Ray Triage Software
    Contract Pharma

    Latest Breaking News From Contract Pharma

    Taiwan Bio, TRACT Therapeutics Partner on Organ Transplant Rejection
    Dr. Reddy’s, Coya Therapeutics Partner on ALS Therapy
    IMIDomics, BMS Expand Partnership to Advance IMID Treatment
    Beauty Packaging

    Latest Breaking News From Beauty Packaging

    Respect Wellness Introduces Facial Balm for Women Navigating Menopause
    Kara Beauty Unveils Eyeshadow Palette Inspired by Royal Dansk Danish Butter Cookies
    Shiseido Establishes University in Ginza, Tokyo
    Happi

    Latest Breaking News From Happi

    Dollar Shave Club Introduces Two Electric Grooming Tools to Product Portfolio
    It’s a 10 Founder Acquires Canadian Hair Care Company Nisim
    ACI to White House Interagency Panel: Remove the Bottleneck to Sustainable Chemistry
    Ink World

    Latest Breaking News From Ink World

    CPIPC Hosts November 2023 Technical Dinner Meeting
    Müller Martini Adds the Hunkeler Group
    ITMA ASIA + CITME Concludes on High Note
    Label & Narrow Web

    Latest Breaking News From Label & Narrow Web

    Dantex and ACTEGA successfully collaborate
    Prati celebrating 50th anniversary
    All4Labels Group acquires Uniflexo
    Nonwovens Industry

    Latest Breaking News From Nonwovens Industry

    INDA Seeking Abstracts for World of Wipes International Conference
    Monadnock Introduces New Generation of Veils
    G-P Invests in Oregon Facility
    Orthopedic Design & Technology

    Latest Breaking News From Orthopedic Design & Technology

    HOPCo Acquires MyACTome Digital Health Platform
    OSSIOfiber Scores FDA OK to Fix Bone Fractures in Children
    Bone Health Technologies Earns 4th Patent for Osteoboost Device
    Printed Electronics Now

    Latest Breaking News From Printed Electronics Now

    Pragmatic Semiconductor Secures $231 Million Investment
    SRI Unveils Transformative New Brand Identity
    ALMA Lens Promises New Hope for Patients with Vision Disorders

    Copyright © 2023 Rodman Media. All rights reserved. Use of this constitutes acceptance of our privacy policy The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Rodman Media.

    AD BLOCKER DETECTED

    Our website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to our visitors.
    Please consider supporting us by disabling your ad blocker.


    FREE SUBSCRIPTION Already a subscriber? Login